Throughout the semester, various projects/ essays were assigned. While writing those essays, I submitted first drafts of essays like the Lab Report and the Technical Description to illustrate my progress in the assignment.
Lab Report draft:
For this paper, I have analyzed a lab report on my interest in the engineering field, which is biomedical engineering. Published on December 20, 2019, the lab report “Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: tissue engineering on a chip” by Hiroaki Takehara, Katsuhisa Sakaguchi, Hidekazu Sekine, Teruo Okano & Tatsuya Shimizu is shown to follow the essential elements and structure of lab reports like Title, abstract, Introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, Conclusion, and references. This lab report follows the format of Chapter 19 in Technical Communication by Mike Markel and Stuart A. Selber. This lab primarily focuses on the interaction of cells to cells, which still holds a lot of mystery in the biomedical engineering field, especially involving how to use devices to understand advanced interactions with cells and how this information can allow future medical advancements. Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: tissue engineering on a chip lab report explains how the development of the Microfluidic device can be used for 3D tissue engineering, allowing future patients to carry healthier and more oxygen into their systems.
Chapter 19 of Technical Communication by Mike Markel and Stuart A. Selber states, “The title should be informative enough to enable readers to decide whether the report interests them” (Markel & Selber, pg. 534). In this analyzed lab report, the reports successfully and effectively do gain their desired audience as the use of language like “Microfluidic” and “3D tissues engineering,” which is a large searched and experimented subject in biomedical engineering, which is the main reason why this lab report was tested and published. The abstract summarises the lab quickly, explaining the lab’s introduction, methods, results, discussions, and Conclusion in one paragraph. The lab report’s abstract gives me a sense of what the lab is about and how it is essential to experiment with this subject. An abstract should contain questions motivated by the study “In this report, we describe a microfluidic vascular-bed (micro-VB) device providing a platform for 3D tissue engineering with vascular network formation (Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, Shimizu, 2019), answers that were discovered “Moreover, the micro-VB device can be installed in a standard 100 mm-diameter Petri dish” (Takehara, Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, Shimizu, 2019), and implication “Thus, these micro-VB devices are expected to substantially improve the routine application of 3D tissue engineering to regenerative medicine” (Takehara, Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, Shimizu, 2019).
The introduction is where the lab report is fully introduced and where the importance of the report is established. The Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: tissue Engineering on a Chip lab report emphasizes the importance of the tested lab is crucial in understanding drug development and the process of transplanting tissue for diseases that attack parts of the body, especially vascular disease (heart and blood) for example diabetes, cancer, cardiac arrest, and stokes. The report defines important terms by linking to other lab reports that they have used to build upon the Micro-VB lab. Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, and Shimizu using other labs in their lab shows the proper motivation and credibility they have in their research allowing their audience become more intrigued by the report and even allow other researchers to expand the report, “Although your methods section provides a detailed account of your approach, your introduction should persuade your readers that your methods are appropriate given what has been done in previous studies” (Markel & Selber, pg. 535). I also analyzed the lab report’s introduction, which provided some of the methods they have used by acknowledging the weaknesses in techniques and materials in many other reports on the same subject interest. With all their deep research before starting the experiment, it is clear what the purpose/hypothesis of the lab is and how the Mirco-VB device can mimic arterial and venous networks for efficient fluid diffusion into 3D-engineered tissues.
In the materials and methods section of the lab, I focused on how reliability is involved in this lab. Reliability is essential, especially in the materials and methods, because it allows the expansion and improvement of the subject to enable more research in advanced medicine from other scientists and engineers. As stated in chapter 19, “Describe your methods in enough detail that another researcher could perform the same experiment using the same materials and methods” (Markel & Selber, pg. 536). The lab starts with the vital part of the study question/ hypothesis, which is to contrast the Mirco-VB device. Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, and Shimizu not only provide the concluded steps in the text but show a complete and organized visual of their predicated construction of the Mirco-VB and carefully label all the parts of the visual, which illustrates that they are taking into consideration a fast audience and their needs. Observing their methods and materials, I saw something different: how the methods were broken down into multiple parts and needed a list of materials. The separated parts of the methods are all organized in the same way. The questions were brought up in the lab’s introduction, such as how to construct the device, device fabrication, cell preparation, culture conditions, perfusion of fluorescent molecules and microspheres, imaging, and evaluation of network formation. In the lab report “Microfluidic vascular-bed devices for vascularized 3D tissue engineering: tissue engineering on a chip” by Hiroaki Takehara, Katsuhisa Sakaguchi, Hidekazu Sekine, Teruo Okano & Tatsuya Shimizu, the results included raw data in the forms of numbers and how it relates to the outcome of the experiment and the hypothesis. The first part of the results, which is also broken down into two sections due to the two questions that are a part of the hypothesis, is how the Mirco-VB device can be used to mimic arterial and venous networks for efficient fluid diffusion into 3D-engineered tissues, the results raw data prove the credibility on how the results were successful by providing trends and statistical numbers to show that there was an experiment done with proven math. Chapter 19 states, “In the results section, your task is to summarize the data relevant to the question or hypothesis you discussed in your introduction” (Markel & Selber, pg. 537).
The lab report results also show statistical significance as they took consideration of the materials used, like fibrin gel and used the density of that material to produce the measurements of the channels and used the correct amount of fibrin gel for the Micro-VB device so it can work correctly, “Fibrin gel density influenced the area occupied by vessels as quantified in Fig. 3c (vessels area: 62 ± 2% in 2.5 mg/mL (mean ± SE, n = 3), 28 ± 2% in 10 mg/mL (n = 4), 7 ± 1% in 25 mg/mL (n = 3)). Hence, it was confirmed that the fibrin gel of 2.5 mg/mL was adequate for endothelial network formation” (Takehara, Sakaguchi, Sekine, Okano, Shimizu, 2019).
Technical Description Draft:
The Sony PlayStation was developed by a team led by Ken Kutaragi. Kutaragi joined Sony in 1975 and worked on important roles in the development of Sony hardware especially by that time Sony was at its peak from developing a new style of devices like the Walkman music players, cassettes and later making PlayStation grabbing attention from the younger generation and being till this day one of the most iconic and successful gaming platforms/devices in history. Sony Computer Entertainment realized the success they can gather from the popularity of video games in the 90s and the expansion of technology. The Sony PlayStation was released in December of 1994 by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan bringing a new generation of 32-bit consoles, and then released in September of 1995 in the American Market. The new generation of gaming devices allowed the release of PlayStation 1 provided Sony its success and impressive sales which only motivated the company to produce more and gain competitors.
Sony PlayStation continued its production until March 2005 when they released their second gaming device, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 in 2006 and then PlayStation 4 in 2013 each version coming with their own version of controller. Many years passed Sony PlayStation released their 5th gaming console PlayStation 5 in November 2020. Because the last release was in 2013, this recent news remarked Sony’s popularity again especially the modern advanced technology advertising providing a sense of nostalgia to current young adults as they witness in the 90s and the 2000s from the first release. The PlayStation 5 console attracted yet again many sales not just because of advanced quality but also the small and impressive details the PS5 game controller holds putting together the whole experience of modern technology. The PlayStation 5 Dual Sense controller provides players a sense of realness from multiple games such as producing the controller with adaptive triggers (varying levels of force and tension), and haptic feedback (vibrations), and inbuilt microphone allowing a regular communication without headsets like no other PlayStation controller.
Before examining what makes the PlayStation 5 Dual Sense Controller, understanding the function and the button of the controller comes first. Compared to controllers in past console versions PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4 the PlayStation 5 Dual Sense Controller provides players and users more variety of function, but some parts are kept the same such as the Direction Buttons on the left side all the versions allowing the controller to highlight an item on the screen that can be typing alphabets and numbers on the search bar. In the PS4 and PS5 controller there is a touch pad on the top of the controller allowing people to use their fingers to guide the direction of what they want to highlight just like the direction buttons. On the right side of all controllers there are the action buttons used by the players to perform actions in game unlike the direction buttons. The four action buttons are all labeled in geometric shapes making the famous PlayStation logo, the triangle, the circle, the square and the X all actions vary in the game. On all the controllers there is the famous left and right stick which are sticks located in the middle of the front controllers allowing people to control movements in game and on the PlayStation home screen. In the PS5 Dual Sense Controller, a new and improved update is the inbuilt microphone that can be muted and unmuted by pressing the activation button (glows yellow). In older consoles like the PS4 the need for voice chat was only allowed if the player has Bluetooth and a headset which can be connected to the headphone jack. However, headphone jack was not built in for the PS1,2 and 3 controllers which allows everyone using the PS5 Dual Sense Controller to communicate with others on voice chat without needing a headset with a microphone or Bluetooth and can use the headphone jack for a headset.
